GeoScience Markup Language (GeoSciML)

XML schema for data exchange over the Internet that incorporates the ability to represent geography (geometries e.g. polygons, lines and points using the OGC's GML specification) as part of the features that are being exchanged

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Portal developed by OneGeology, using data submitted in GeoSciML format, using web services. 

http://portal.onegeology.org
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From OneGeology

GeoSciML (GeoScience Markup Language) is a GML (Geography Markup Language) application language for geoscience.

GeoSciML accommodates the short-term goal of representing geoscience information associated with geological maps and observations, as well as being extensible in the long-term to other geoscience data. It draws from many geoscience data model efforts, and from these establishes a common suite of feature types based on geological criteria (units, structures, fossils) or artefacts of geological investigations (specimens, sections, measurements). Supporting objects are also considered (timescale, lexicons, etc), so that they can be used as classifiers for the primary objects.

GeoSciML is based on W3C, OGC and ultimately ISO international standards for data exchange over the Internet and is being designed by the IUGS-CGI Interoperability Working Group, an international consortium of geological surveys around the world.